etch国际音标怎么读

1. 伸出或舒展（身体某部）用英语怎么说最合适

stretch比较合适

2. 英语too full to backfill怎么翻译

too full to backfill翻译成中文是：“太满而无法回填”。

重点单词：full

单词音标：

• full单词发音：英[fʊl] 美[fʊl]

单词释义：

• n.全部；完整

• adv.完全地；十分

• adj.完全的；充满的；丰富的；丰满的；详尽的

短语搭配：

• full radiator全辐射体，黑体

• full cousin堂［表］兄弟或姐妹

• full blood纯种 纯血统(人、物)

单词用法：

• full的基本意思是“满,充满”,指容器或空间不能再装下某物或人,也可表示“吃饱了”。full引申可表示“完全,全部”。

• full作“满的”解时是绝对意义的形容词,不用于比较等级。但作“完整的”解时可用于比较等级。

• full用作形容词时在句中作定语或表语。

• fullof的意思是“充满…的”,在句中作表语或后置定语。

• fullto表示“到…程度”, to是介词,其后接名词或动名词。

双语例句：

• Hotels are often full in season
  在度假旺季,旅馆经常客满。

• He gave a boring speech full of stale jokes.
  他的发言很乏味,满是陈腐的笑话。

• The bottle is full of water.
  瓶子里装满了水。

• The roses are in full bloom.
  玫瑰花盛开了。

3. 如何制作建筑学作品集

出国留学，作品集是很重要的一部分，一本好的作品集就相当于一块敲门砖，让面试官你印象深刻，得到offer的几率自然大大提高。建筑设计留学作品集怎么做？下面就一起看看建筑学作品集怎么做的相关介绍。

4. 从国际机场到素坤逸的轻轨怎么去

曼谷有两个国际机场，不知道你从哪个机场下飞机呢？如果是素万那普国际机场的话，乘坐机场快线到Makkasan下车在地铁（MRT）Phetchahuri站换乘地铁，坐一站就可以到达素坤逸（Sukhumvit）了。如果是从廊曼机场下飞机的话，在机场6号门等机场巴士A2，坐到终点站胜利纪念碑（Victory Monument），再换乘BTS快轨，坐7站到Asok，这里离素坤逸就不是很远了。

5. 美国教材对孩子学习英语有什么具体的好处

美国教材对孩子学习英语的好处多多。
首先，学发音不用学音标，而是学习Phonics，也就是说他们是直接学习26个字母和字母组合与五十个音素之间的关系。
一、辅音字母的读音。
p b To create these sounds, we use our lips to stop the air, and then we push the lips apart again with a puff of air. The b sound is voiced, and the p sound isn't, making them a voiced/unvoiced pair.
bath, path
bull, pull
buy, pie
bride, pride
robe, rope
t d When creating these two sounds, your tongue should briefly touch the front of the tooth ridge, then let go with a small puff of air. The difference between the sounds is the use of our vocal cords. The d sound is the voiced sound, and the t sound is the unvoiced sound.
dime, time
dense, tense
code, coat
tide, tight
spend, spent
k (qu) The sound is made at the back of our mouth by pressing our tongue up against the soft palate, then letting go with a little puff of air. It is an unvoiced sound.
k kite kiss key king kangaroo kitchen kettle kick
qu question quarrel quilt quiet queen quarter
f v These sounds happen when we place our bottom lip lightly against our upper teeth, and push air through the small space between the teeth and the lip. The f sound is unvoiced, and the v sound is voiced.
leaf, leave
few, view
refuse, reviews
proof, prove
s z The z sound and s sound are articulated in the same area at the front of our mouth as the t sound and d sound, at the tooth ridge. The tooth ridge is that area right behind our upper front teeth. The z sound is voiced, and the s sound is unvoiced.
s sun sofa silver sink sign soap six seven
z zero zipper zoo zebra
r When speaking with the General American Accent, Americans use a rhotic r, which means we say it in all parts of the word, including when it occurs after a vowel sound. The tip of the tongue may be raised or lowered, some people bunch the tongue up in the center of the mouth, and some bunch the tongue up at the back of the mouth. The important feature of creating an r sound is that the very back of our tongue, actually down in our throat, is constricted.
r rope rock rainbow rose ring rug rabbit
h That sound comes from way down in my throat. I'm restricting the space in my throat just a little bit while pushing the air out.
hear, ear
heat, eat
his, is
hitch, itch
hold, old
j It begins with with the tongue in the same position as d sound, with the tip of the tongue right behind the upper front teeth. Then the sound gets released in the same place inside the mouth. The area right behind the tip of the tongue is so near to the tooth ridge that friction happens.
j jewel jam jacket juice jump jelly jeep jar
m We create that sound by pressing our lips together, the same as we do for the b sound and p sound.
m mother empty coming from column
n We press the tip of our tongue against the tooth ridge. We use our tongue to completely block the air from leaving our mouth, and we push the air out our nose.
n tune ne loon noon
l The l sound happens way at the front of our mouth, with our tongue touching the tooth ridge in the same place we touch it for a t sound.
play, pray
climb, crime
arrive, alive
w In English, the w sound is created by making a small circle with our lips, then sticking them out enough so they don't touch our teeth and cause friction. Then we voice the sound.
Vest, west; vine, wine; verse, worse.
二、有些辅音字母有多个发音。如：字母c后面接a，o，u的时候，c的发音与字母k发音相同，叫做“hard c sound”，当字母c后面接e，i，或y的时候，通常c的发音与字母s发音相同，叫做“soft c sound” 。有时在e或i前面，c会发/ʃ/音。字母g后面接a，o，u的时候，所发的音叫做“hard g sound” ，当字母g后面接e，i，或y的时候，有时g的发音与字母j的发音相同，叫做“软g音”。x在单词中间或结尾时发ks音，在单词中间时有时发gz音，在单词起始位置时发z音。y在单词起始位置时发音为辅音y，单词或音节中间或结尾时被当做元音，在重读开音节里发长元音i-e，在重读闭音节里和词末发短元音i。
三、辅音字母组合的发音也是有规律可循的。常见的辅音字母组合有：tr-dr，发音时舌身与r相似，舌尖贴上齿龈后部，气流冲破阻碍发出短促的t-d后立刻发r。ck只发一个k的音，但是它经常出现在短元音的后面，ng的发音是舌头抵住上颚后方所发出的鼻音，n在k之前也是这样发音的。
ck
lucky
knuckle
truck
bucket
clock
rock
shock
locker
pocket
To create the ng sound, press the back of the tongue against the soft palate, and, here's the weird part, let the air leave through your nose.
ringing
bringing
singing
longing
pink
bank
shrink
drink
cranky
四、复合字母构成的单音。digraph是两个（或三个）辅音字母在一起只发一个音，通常指以下四种组合：ch（tch），sh，wh和th。
ch It begins with the tongue in the same position as the t sound, with the tip of the tongue right behind the upper front teeth. Then the sound gets released in the same place inside the mouth as the sh sound. The area right behind the tip of the tongue is so near to the tooth ridge that friction happens.
choke chump etch lunch rich search
sh To create the sh sound we make our lips rounded and place the tip of our tongue near the back of the tooth ridge and push air out.
she, shoe, fish, crash
th The tip of your tongue has to be touching the back of your upper front teeth with the tip of the tongue while pushing air out between the tongue and the bony ridge behind the upper front teeth feather leather father mother brother
th bath bathmat three thumb thirsty thief mouth teeth
wh When the wh is followed by either the long o sound or the oo sound, then the word is usually pronounced with an h sound, and only an h sound.
who
whom
whose
whole
Most wh words (except those followed by the long o or oo sound) in American English are pronounced with an unvoiced w sound.
what
when
why
which
whale
wheel
white
where, wear
which, witch
whether, weather
whale, wale
五、在有些辅音字母组合中，其中一个字母是不发音的。
mb中的b是不发音的。
climb
doubt
debt
bomb
l不发音的情况：
would
could
should
talk
walk
half
talk
gn中的g是不发音的。
campaign
design
在n、s、t前面，p是不发音的。
pneumatic pneumonia psychology psychological psychologist psychic psychiatric pseudonym
在一些字里的h是不发音的。
h honor heir herb hour haute
在法语字源的字里，词尾的辅音字母是不发音的：
ballet depot faux pas
六、英语里元音的发音比较复杂，每个元音都可以发多个音，掌握了元音的发音规律才能对整个单词的发音有比较准确的掌握。元音字母有五个：a，e，i，o，u，另外y在一个单词的中间或结尾时也被当做元音。每个单词里都包含有至少一个元音，元音是单词的“最强音”。元音所发的音取决于该元音在单词中的位置或它是如何与其它元音组合的。一般来说，如果五个元音字母中的任意一个后面紧接着一个或几个辅音字母，这个元音字母就处于重读闭音节中，发成短音。
short a (short a): add, after, bath, plan, crash
short e (short e): end, enter, bend, yes, dress
short i (short i): it, ill, gift, since, drip
short o (short o): odd, on, box, lot, rock
short u (short u): up, us, jump, luck, fun
七、如果一个单词以字母e结尾，前面的元音发长音，叫做重读相对开音节（magic e）。如果一个元音是在一个单词或重读音节的结尾，该元音也发长音，叫做重读开音节，所谓长音就是元音字母的名字。
a-e cape name tape (I would mention that the end of the long a has a very brief short i sound attached.)
e-e these
i-e bite five kite (The long i is a 2-sound vowel that end in a brief short i sound. )
o-e rose nose rope
u-e tube cube June (Notice that the long u sound u-e begins with a very distinct y sound.)
八、当一个单词或音节里有两个元音时，通常第一个元音发长音，第二个元音不发音，叫做vowel digraph。
ai tail 尾巴 rain 下雨 paint 油漆 pain 疼痛 jail 监狱 nail 钉子 rail 铁轨 maid 仆人
ay bay 海湾 ray 射线 way 路 say 说 hay 干草 pay 付钱 May 五月 lay 放置
ee reeds 芦苇 eel 鳗鱼 bee 蜜蜂 peel 剥皮 jeep 吉普车 feel 感觉 see 看见 teeth 牙齿
ea sea 海 meat 肉 peanut 核桃 peach 桃子 eagle 鹰 leaf 树叶 pea 豌豆
ey key 钥匙
oa road 路 toast 土司 toad 蟾蜍 coal 煤 goat 山羊 boat 船 coat 上衣 soap 肥皂
ow rainbow 彩虹 pillow 枕头 yellow 黄的 window 窗口 hollow 中空的 bowl 碗 row 划 low 低的
The short oo sound is considered a back vowel because the sound occurs in the rear of the mouth, using the back of the tongue.
good
look
book
foot
cookie
The long oo sound is created with the back of the tongue very high, almost like a hard g sound, but the back of the tongue and the top of the mouth do not actually touch. At the same time as the tongue is high, the lips are made into a small, tight circle.
soon
moon
tooth
food
school
The aw/au sound is created with the lips open and rounded. The jaw opens, the middle area and tip of the tongue are pushed low, and the back of the tongue is raised and pushed back.
law, l-a-w
draw, d-r-a-w
jaw, j-a-w
yawn, y-a-w-n
crawl, c-r-a-w-l
fault, f-a-u-l-t
haunt, h-a-u-n-t
cause, c-a-u-s-e
taught, t-a-u-g-h-t
caught, c-a-u-g-h-t
The short ea is not just a long e held for less time. The shape of the tongue is actually different. To create the short ea sound, my tongue is much lower in my mouth, and is only slightly rounded upward.
already
health
death
dead
read
ready
九、双元音是两个元音音素组合在一起的，所以听上去有两个音，尽管这两个音并不是两个元音所单独发出的。
The oi/oy sound and the ou/ow sound. Lucky for you, these are usually pretty easy sounds for ESL students. They are both 2-sound vowels, meaning they are a combination of a vowel sound and a short oo sound or short i sound. Can you hear the short i sound at the end of the oi sound (oi sound)? How about the short oo sound at the end of the ow sound (ow sound)?
oi sound (oi sound): boy, moist, choice, toy, coin
ow sound (ow sound): brown, mouse, count, house, town
十、元音字母与字母r结合起来后，发卷舌元音。
When I talk about r-controlled vowels, I am talking about vowel sounds a, e, i, o and u that are said differently because they are followed by the letter r. Or, to say it another way, the r sound changes the way we say the vowel sound before it.
Which sounds change when before an r sound? One of the easiest to hear is the ar sound. This is usually spelled as "a" plus "r" as in the word "car". C-a-r. Say the ar sound alone (ar sound). Now, if you learned a British pronunciation of English, you were probably taught not to say the r sound at the end of the word "car" unless the next word begins with a vowel sound. In the United States, we always say the r sound. Other words with the ar sound are farm, start, and smart. Say those words after me. Farm. Start. Smart.
The next r-controlled vowel is the "or" spelling, which sounds like or.
Most non-native speakers understand and expect the long er sound in words spelled er, ir, and ur, To create the long er sound, the tongue arches upward toward the back of the hard palate. The back sides of the tongue curve upward and touch the back teeth, while the center of the tongue remains lower. The tip of the tongue may turn upward, but it must not touch the tooth ridge.
her
jerk
verb
concern
stir
girl
shirt
confirm
burn
turn
curl
return
十一、五个元音字母在非重读音节中发弱元音。

6. 首字母是a,e,i,o,u的单词有哪些

“是否有以字母a,e,i,o,u开头的单词由于读法不同，音标不为a,e,i,o,u”这个问题你只要找本字典，把aeiou开头的单词看一遍就可以了。
判断用a或是an的方法，不是看单词字母开头是不是aeiou，而是看单词的音标，如果是元音，用an，不是元音，用a.
不是首字母a,e,i,o,u而是音标开头为这些元音的前面冠词若是a的话才改成an
注意哦不是单词首字母而是音标的第一个音~~
不信你可以去查下你遇到的那个疑惑单词.看他音标第一个一定不是元音音标

7. 英语辅音的发音问题

英语中的辅音共有29个，最难分辨的两个就是/Ʒ/和/ʤ/了，它们的发音是不一样的：
/ʒ/ 发音时，舌面向硬腭抬起，舌面前部靠近上齿龈和前硬腭形成缝隙，气流从这个缝隙中摩擦而出，形成此音，声带振动，和维吾尔语字母ژ的发音近似。

/ʤ/ 发音时，舌面向硬腭抬起，舌面前部抵住上齿龈和前硬腭形成阻碍，气流冲破阻碍后摩擦而出，形成此音。声带振动。和维吾尔语字母ج的发音近似。

这两个音，一个叫做摩擦音，一个叫做破擦音，前者的发音长度比后者的要长一些。下面是美国外教对这两个发音的英文解释。
Two episodes ago, I talked about the sh sound, then in our last episode I told you how the sh sound relates to the zh sound. Today I'm going to continue down this line of related sounds by moving on to the j sound. The j sound is pronounced (j sound) and is the beginning sound of the word jump.
Just like the sh sound and zh sound, the j sound is the same in an American accent or British accent.
I hope you remember that the sh sound and zh sound were fricatives. That means they are created by causing friction in the vocal tract. Also, they're continuous sounds that can be held for a long time. I also explained that the sh sound is unvoiced, meaning the vocal cords don't vibrate ring the sound, and the zh sound is voiced, meaning that the vocal cords do vibrate ring the sound.
Let's review the zh sound. The zh sound is created with the front of the tongue somewhat flat toward the back of the tooth ridge. The air passes in a flat stream between the front of the tongue and the back of the tooth ridge. It sounds like (zh sound). Say that sound after me: (zh sound). Since the zh sound is a continuous consonant, I can hold it for a long time (held zh sound).
The j sound is similar to the zh sound except that, at the beginning of the sound, my tongue presses against my tooth ridge, completely blocking the air for a short amount of time. Then, when the tongue is released, or is let go from the tooth ridge, the front of the tongue stays really close to the tooth ridge. This causes friction just like the the zh sound. Listen to the j sound (j sound): jump, joy, judge.
When I'm working with students, there are three different problems I hear with people trying to proce a j sound in an American accent.
The error I hear most frequently when procing a j sound is not stopping the air completely at the beginning of the sound. So if we have the word jump, I hear (zh)ump instead. Can you hear the difference: jump, (zh)ump? Again, that was jump, (zh)ump.
For some people, the j sound is easier to pronounce when it's spelled d-g-e, as in the word judge. This is because they see the letter d, which also stops the air, causing a very nice j sound. The part that can be a little confusing is that there is not actually a d sound in the d-g-e spelling; it's only a j sound.
The second problem I hear with the j sound is adding a vowel sound to the end of a word that ends in a j sound. So the word judge gets pronounced judge-y. Sorry native Korean speakers, I'm talking about you. Be especially careful with the j sound at the end of a word.
And finally, the third problem I hear is unvoicing the j sound. Remember how the sh sound and zh sound are an unvoiced/voiced pair? Well, we also have an unvoiced version of the j sound: the ch sound.
Listen to the difference between the j sound, which is voiced, and the ch sound, which is not voiced (j sound, ch sound; j sound ch sound).
Here are a few j sound/ch sound minimal pairs to help you practice the difference. I'll say the pair and leave time for you to practice by repeating after me.
badge, batch
junk, chunk
edge, etch
ridge, rich
lunge, lunch
And, before I end today, here are a few words that are pronounced with the j sound. Again, I'll leave time for you to repeat.
jump
juice
bridge
giant
age
logic
eject
agenda
希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。