❶ 必胜克(Pizza Hut)的由来
Pizza Hut is split into a number of restaurant concepts. Quickly disappearing from the scene are original family-style "Red Roof" dine-in-only locations, which do not have delivery service. Restaurant-based delivery (RBD) locations offer a hybrid of carry-out, delivery, and dine-in options. Most new stores, however, are "DEL/CO" locations, offering only delivery and carry-out service.
Additionally, Pizza Hut also has a number of unique concepts that are different from the store type. Pizza Hut "Bistro" locations are Red Roofs and RBDs which offer an expanded menu and slighly more upscale options. The new Wingstreet concept is an addition to many RBD and DEL/CO locations which offers customers an expanded selection of chicken wing choices, more than the 'hot' or 'mild' available at all locations.
Finally, "Pizza Hut Express" locations are fast food restaurants licensed by Pizza Hut and operated independently. They offer a completely different menu with many procts not found at traditional Pizza Huts, and are often found on college campuses, food courts, theme parks, and in stores such as Target.
The chain was founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.[2] The Original Pizza Hut building was later relocated to the Wichita State University campus.[3] Additional restaurants were opened, with the first franchise unit opening in 1959 in Topeka, Kansas. At the same time Pizza Hut was growing in and around Kansas, Shakey's Pizza was developing a stronghold along the West Coast. The competition provided Pizza Hut the impetus to evaluate its mission and direction. Dan and Frank Carney saw Shakey's expanding into their territory and realized that they needed to determine if Pizza Hut should be in the entertainment business or if it should be a neighborhood pizza restaurant. They decided to stick with the neighborhood business and realized that they needed to have a good standard image. The Carney brothers began to systematize operations and building designs to counter the competition from Shakey's. The franchise network continued to grow through friends and business associates, and by 1964 a unique standardized building appearance and layout was established for franchised and company-owned stores, creating a universal look that customers easily recognized.
By 1972, with 314 stores nationwide, Pizza Hut went public on the New York Stock Exchange under the stock ticker symbol PIZ. In 1977, Pizza Hut was acquired by Pepsico, who later also bought KFC and Taco Bell. In 1997, the three restaurant chains were spun off into Tricon, and in 2002 joined with Long John Silver's and A&W Restaurants to become YUM! Brands. Pizza Hut has opened Pizza Hut Express which specialize in small 6" pizzas. The oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut in the world is in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville.
❷ 盘点历史上冬奥会都有哪些国家举办过
2022年第24届冬季奥林匹克运动会,将在2022年02月04日至2022年02月20日于北京-张家口联合举行。
这是中国历史上第一次举办冬季奥运会,北京和张家口同为主办城市,也是中国继北京奥运会、南京青奥会后,中国第三次举办的奥运赛事。
总结
冬奥会是一项世界体育盛事,很多国家和城市都以举办过冬奥会为荣。预祝2022年北京-张家口冬季奥运会取得圆满成功。
❸ PIZON PP19的现实中的PP19
1993年,伊孜玛什公司的两位工程师——AK设计者的卡拉什尼科夫的儿子维克多·卡拉斯尼柯夫和SVD设计者的儿子阿列克赛·德拉贡诺夫,共同设计出一种新颖的冲锋枪,名为野牛(俄文为БИЗОН,与英文单词Bison同义,中文意为野牛)。BIZON冲锋枪最大的特色是采用64发容量的复合材料制作的筒形弹匣,弹匣位于前下方,本身可充当护木,不但重心位置适当,而且在持续射击后还可以起到隔热作用。
野牛是一枝轻型的选射模式武器,枪机种类为闭锁式枪机,最大的特点是提高了此枪的精度。由于野牛设计者之一,维克托·卡拉什尼科夫是AK系列设计者米哈伊尔·季莫费耶维奇·卡拉什尼科夫的儿子,所以其整体是以AKS-74U卡宾枪作为基础的,并令其和AK是相同的形状和结构,例如手枪握把、枪托和护木,与突击步枪之间有60%的零件通用性。膛室并有相当的改进,它除了发射标准的俄罗斯9 × 18毫米马卡罗夫手枪子弹,也可以发射全新的高冲击力的57-N-181SM穿甲子弹。也有其专用消声器去装在枪口上。
操作系统
野牛采用了比较简单的反冲后座作用式操作的枪机,这种枪机系统不需要完全闭锁,大大降低了成本以及生产和重新组装时的复杂性。野牛的自动操作循环的特点是很短的后座行程,如果标准型9 x 18毫米马卡罗夫所产生的高压气体只是用于驱动机匣后方的枪机部分,野牛的发射速率就会达到700 发/分钟。高膛压的弹药在推动枪机向机匣尾部方向后座,并且在枪机停止运动时几乎没有撞击机匣壁的尾部。因此,野牛的发射速率是650—680 发/分钟。这样能够有效地减少使用者所感觉到的后座力的影响,并且增加可控性和命中率。 野牛并没有采用气动式操作系统,而内部的组件亦被相应的进行修改。枪机载体和与其相连的拉机柄是从回收过来的AK系列步枪制成,但是移除其活塞连杆和转拴式枪机,而延长的活塞则插入钢制的轴衬以保护活塞。至于复进簧和其导杆与AK系列步枪是相同的。
野牛装有一根4 条膛线缠距为240 毫米(1:9.45 英吋)右旋的枪管。野牛的枪口装置的每边皆装有一个大型长方形的开口,以减少枪口上扬,不过该枪口装置的主要目的是为了保护枪口和弹筒避免它们被损坏。
野牛的固定及铆接式薄板机匣是来自AKS-74U卡宾枪,由于原有的气动式操作系统被移除,因此其前端并经过一些修改。护木是由板材冲压制造,并且在每一边打下三个长方形散热孔。装上可拆卸式弹筒可作为其下护木并且舒适地握持,而目前亦有一些型号的弹匣装上肋条增加强度,以充当前握把。野牛亦装有与AK-74突击步枪相同的扳机和保险机构。快慢机杠杆位于机匣的右侧和扳机的上方,它有三个模式设置:最上面的“安全”位置使扳机不能扣下,快慢机杠杆在这个位置的时候会以物理方式阻挡枪机和(位于机匣右侧,与其相连的拉机柄向后拉动,并且作为防尘盖的一部份;而中间的位置(标有“АВ”)和最低的位置(“ОД”)分别会启动扳机的全自动和半自动射击功能。扳机组件亦内置了一块与AK-74突击步枪相同的五片型防反弹装置,其主要用途是减低枪机速度,延迟击锤几毫秒向前运动,直到枪机组件在膛室后方完全停止运动才让击锤打击撞针以发射下一发。
野牛亦使用了来自AKS-74U卡宾枪的金属骨架型折叠枪托。与AK-74和AKS-74U等前辈不同的是,尽管它的枪托亦是折向机匣的左侧,它不是被机匣前端的弹簧卡扣固定紧扣的。与此相反,它以一根比AKS-74U前辈更长的耳轴插梢固定紧扣的。耳轴插梢所廷长的长度使它能够在枪托折叠时固定紧扣着骨架型折叠枪托。手枪握把与AK-100系列是相同的,都是由耐用的黑色玻璃纤维强化聚酰胺所制造。 目前野牛系列仍然在不断地改进其生产,而当前的模式是Bizon-2。Bizon-2采用了AK风格的机械瞄具(开放式的U型缺口式表尺照门和柱状准星,可前后滑动的照门上的表尺的三种设定位置分别是50、100和150 米,准星装有两侧半包式护翼),装在机匣左侧的瞄准镜导轨(可以选择装上如PSO-1瞄准镜)和开槽式枪口制退器(可以装快拆式的消声器)。Bizon-2亦有多种衍生型,以增加产品在商业上的吸引力,并展示其通用性。Bizon-2总共分为8种不同的衍生型:
Bizon-2-01:弹药为北约标准的9 × 19毫米鲁格弹,使用53 发可卸式弹筒供弹。Bizon-2-02:弹药为9 x 17 毫米勃朗宁短弹(.380 ACP),使用64 发可卸式弹筒供弹。Bizon-2-03:弹药为9 × 18毫米马卡罗夫,装有整合式消声器(英语:Integral sound supressor)。Bizon-2-04:弹药为9 × 18毫米马卡罗夫,半自动卡宾枪型号。Bizon-2-05:弹药为北约标准的9 × 19毫米鲁格弹,半自动卡宾枪型号。Bizon-2-06:弹药为9 × 18毫米马卡罗夫(.380 ACP),半自动卡宾枪型号。Bizon-2-07:弹药为7.62 × 25毫米托卡列夫,可选择射击模式,可以选择使用Bizon的弹筒供弹和常规的双排双进35 发来自PPSh-41和PPS-43冲锋枪可卸式弹匣,并且装上了全包型护木。
Bizon-3
另外还有一个名为Bizon-3的衍生型被开发,它将翻转式缺口式后照门进一步向后方移至机匣盖上,并且改为采用向上折叠并且利用机匣盖顶部装上的一个弹簧卡扣固定在机匣顶部的折叠枪托。Bizon-3的枪管装有一个适配器,可以装上几种不同类型和用途的枪口战术配件,当中包括:消声器、枪口制动器、枪口补偿器和枪口消焰器。这些都是由射手取决于武器的战术和任务而自行选择。